装配式钢筋混凝土框架结构体系研究

钢筋混凝土框架结构梁柱节点为刚接,装配式钢筋混凝土框架结构梁柱节点为铰接,为使装配式框架结构梁柱节点实现刚接,提出预制现浇组合柱及组合梁结构,预制梁与预制芯柱采用焊接连接,通过现浇外柱实现梁柱节点整体浇筑,从而形成刚性节点.     

含功效成分电子烟对动物模型止咳平喘作用研究

为考察电子烟作为功效成分递送器具的效果,选取L-薄荷醇、L-茶氨酸、丁香酚、木香烃内酯、西贝碱、菖蒲酮、7,4'-二羟基黄酮7种功效化合物和1种臭灵丹提取物,通过氨水引咳小鼠咳嗽模型和卵清蛋白(OVA)引喘大鼠哮喘模型,评价上述物质在电子烟中止咳平喘疗效.结果 显示:1)止咳效果方面.上述8种物质均减少了咳嗽模型小鼠的咳嗽次数,同时不同程度延长了咳嗽模型小鼠咳嗽潜伏期;2)平喘效果方面.上述8种物质对哮喘模型大鼠肺功能各指标均有改善,其中L-薄荷醇对呼气时间(简称"Te")、50％的呼气流速(简称"EF50％")有明显改善;L-茶氨酸对Te、最大呼气流速(简称"PEF")和EF50％有明显改善;丁香酚对PEF、EF50％和呼气量(简称"EV'")有明显改善;木香烃内酯对PEF和EV有明显改善;西贝碱对Te、PEF有明显改善;菖蒲酮对Te、PEF有明显改善;7,4'-二羟基黄酮对PEF和EV有明显改善;臭灵丹提取物对PEF和EF50％有明显改善;3)Model组大鼠存在明显哮喘病理改变:肺基底膜增厚并发生玻璃样变,相比Model组,8组接受功效型电子烟烟雾暴露的哮喘模型大鼠支气管哮喘均有改善.以上说明,电子烟作为具有止咳平喘功效成分的递送器具效果明显,这为功效型电子烟的开发提供了参考.     

甲哌鎓的合成新方法

以哌啶为原料,与多聚甲醛反应,然后雷尼镍催化加氢,再经过精馏脱水得到N-甲基哌啶,然后N-甲基哌啶与氯甲烷反应得到甲哌鎓,收率达到95％.探索了温度、压力、原材料、溶剂等对甲哌鎓收率的影响.     

Stable Aqueous Anode-Free Zinc Batteries Enabled by Interfacial Engineering

Anode-free zinc batteries (AFZBs) are proposed as promising energy storage systems due to their high energy density, inherent safety, low cost, and simplified fabrication process. However, rapid capacity fading caused by the side reactions between the in situ formed zinc metal anode and electrolyte hinders their practical applications. To address these issues, aqueous AFZBs enabled by electrolyte engineering to form a stable interphase are designed. By introducing a multifunctional zinc fluoride (ZnF₂) additive into the electrolyte, a stable F-rich interfacial layer is formed. This interfacial layer can not only regulate the growth orientation of zinc crystals, but also serve as an inert protection layer against side reactions such as H₂ generation. Based on these synergy effects, zinc deposition/dissolution with high reversibility (Coulombic efficiency > 99.87%) and stable cycling performance up to 600 h of are achieved in the electrolyte optimized by ZnF₂. With this electrolyte, the cycling life of AFZBs is significantly improved. The work may initiate the research of AFZBs and be useful for the design of high energy, high safety, and low-cost power sources.     

Re-Looking into the Active Moieties of Metal X-ides (X- = Phosph-, Sulf-, Nitr-, and Carb-) Toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Non-precious metal-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been extensively studied, among which the transition metal X-ides (including phosph-ides, sulf-ides, nitr-ides, and carb-ides) materials are emerging as promising candidates to replace the benchmark Ir/Ru-based materials in alkaline media. However, it is controversial whether the metal Xides host the real active sites since these metal Xides are thermodynamically unstable under a harsh OER environment—it has been reported that the initial metal Xides can be electrochemically oxidized and transformed into corresponding oxides and (oxy)hydroxides. Therefore, the metal Xides are argued as “pre-catalysts”; the electrochemically formed oxides and (oxy)hydroxides are believed as the real active moieties for OER. Herein, the recent advances in understanding the transformation behavior of metal Xides during OER are re-looked; importantly, hypotheses are provided to understand why the electrochemically formed oxides and (oxy)hydroxides catalysts derived from metal Xides are superior for OER to the as-prepared metal oxides and (oxy)hydroxides catalysts.     

基于像素偏转模型和机器学习的室外图像天空像素检测

图像中的天空区域对于基于视觉的地面机器人导航具有重要意义,为了识别图像中的天空部分,本文提出了一种基于像素偏转模型的BP神经网络天空识别方法.首先,制作天空图像集和非天空图像集,天空图像集由各种天气情况下的天空提取而成,非天空图像集由非天空的景物构成,主要包括建筑、汽车、树木、植物等;其次,使用提出的像素偏转模型提取天空图像集和非天空图像集的像素特征并进行处理,对天空像素点和非天空像素点进行标注,利用BP神经网络对像素特征进行训练,得到权重文件;最后,使用得到的权重文件进行天空的识别.为了更好的说明本文算法和模型的优越性,使用本文算法与Otsu算法、YeHu算法、Graph-cut算法和Mask-Rcnn算法模型进行了比较,并设计了两组组对比实验,第一组实验进行识别效果的主观评价,第二组实验利用CamVid数据集的天空类进行算法精度的定量分析.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的工业循环冷却水系统运行状态预测

工业循环冷却水系统运行状态预测是维护工业设备正常运行的重要保障。为此，提出一种基于深度卷积神经网络的智能工业循环冷却水系统运行状态预测方法。该方法根据工业循环冷却水水质特征，使用工业循环水在线仪表采集pH值、碱度、硬度、氯离子等实时数据，设计了深度卷积神经网络框架，在每层网络中加入Dropout层，以避免神经网络训练过拟合。利用某电厂的实际水质测量数据对该方法进行有效性验证，结果表明，该方法的预测结果准确率可达94%，且泛化能力良好，优于现有其他方法。     

Research on Crop Irrigation Schedules Under Deficit Irrigation—A Meta-analysis

Water Resources Management - Increasing water consumption in agriculture due to global climate change has posed considerable challenges to food security, thus improving the efficiency of water...